The FMRQ is recognized by the Quebec government (in Quebec’s Health Insurance Act) as a “representative organization” empowered to reach an agreement on the work conditions applicable to resident doctors. The four affiliated associations are also accredited under Quebec’s Labour Code to negotiate their members’ work conditions with employers. Consequently, collective agreement negotiations take place at the provincial level, directly between representatives of the Minister of Health for all employers and representatives of the FMRQ and the four affiliated associations.